Development /Diffusion of Early Human Societies Essay

The world’s longest river; The Nile, is considered Egypt’s lifeline. This significant physical geographic factor, has contributed to the development of the ancient Egyptians. This country which is located in Africa’s northeast corner, receives very little rainfall throughout the year. As a result, Egypt has relied on the Nile River for its economy. Each year, the Nile floods due to upstream rain, depositing a type of rich black soil called silt, along the river banks. The silt at the river’s mouth forms into a triangular shape, which creates a delta. Most of Egypt’s population clustered in the Nile’s river valley and delta. This river’s yearly floods made these regions so fertile that ancient Egyptians called their country Kemet, or the Black Land. (Bednarz, 2008) Ancient Egypt, one of the world’s first great civilizations, arose along the banks of the Nile. For centuries, geography kept Egypt isolated. Six high waterfalls calle d cataracts, and rapids make the Nile hard to navigate in the south. Desserts surround the Nile in the west and east, and the Mediterranean Sea borders Egypt to the north. People created farming villages along the Nile by about 4000 B.C. Eventually these villages became two kingdoms, Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt at the Nile delta. The Nile Valley provided various grasses and reeds used for huts, sandals, baskets, simple boats, and other products. Ancient Egyptians also dug canals to irrigate their fields and channel the Nile’s water. Each June, floods would leave behind silt in a narrow strip along the flood plain and at the delta. Today, the Aswan High Dam controls the Nile’s flooding and provides year-round irrigation. Since the Aswan High Dam opened in 1970, Egypt has doubled its agricultural production. (Bednarz, 2008) Over the centuries, religions have spread from their points of origin to the rest of the world. All of the world’s major religions began in Asia, and moved to other continents. At first, religious beliefs were carried to different places by followers of the religion or traders. In some lands, traditional religions have been practiced for as long as people have lived in a culture group. The development and spread of beliefs by Egyptian religion, provides an example of the process of diffusion between early human societies. Ancient Egyptians worshiped several deities (gods or goddesses), and considered their pharaoh leaders to be earthly versions of them. During the New Kingdom period of Egypt, a pharaoh known as Akhenaton, promoted the worship of only one deity, the sun god Aton.

Although It Is a Ghost Story, a Christmas Carol Is an Uplifting Tale Essay

Although it is a ghost story, A Christmas Carol is an uplifting tale. To what extent do you agree? A Christmas carol by Charles Dickens is a significant novella written in the Victorian era. The protagonist Ebenezer Scrooge is used to demonstrate the upper class society and their attitude towards the poor. Throughout this redemption story, Dickens combines a descriptions of hardships faced by the poor with a heart-felt sentimental celebration of the Christmas season. The novella contains a dramatic and comic element as well as a deep felt moral theme. The text promotes the values of Ebenezer Scrooge, delving into his past, present and supposed future as well as contrasting between the enriching and depressing story; specifically evaluating the authors message, the Cratchit family, Scrooges nature and alternatively the ghostly circumstances outlined in the parable. Dickens message and the spirits of Christmas is one that intends to inspire and uplift the reader. The author has carefully constructed Ebenezer Scrooge as a â€Å"covetous old sinner† to demonstrate the uplifting meaning of the novella. Although Scrooge is an extreme example of a miser perhaps Dickens is saying there is a little of Scrooge in all of us whether it is an unwillingness to share our money with the poor and disadvantaged or our time with people in need. This idea is represented when two portly gentleman visit Scrooge and he explains, â€Å"I help to support the establishments I have mentioned, they cost enough.† In this instance Dickens strives to promotes the idea that no matter how crooked, anyone can change through the learning of appropriate lessons to inspire the reader. The author manipulates the readers emotions by enriching the sympathy of the Cratchit family. The Cratchit family are the perfect example of the difficulties faced by the poor in Victorian England. As Scrooge is visited by the ghost of Christmas Present, â€Å"a jolly giant, glorious to see,† and the life of the Cratchits and Tiny Tims condition is revealed there is an almost instantaneous transformation in Scrooge. We see this when Scrooge pleads, â€Å"Tell me if Tiny Tim will live†¦ Say he will be spared!† We can see from this that Scrooge shows compassion and that Dickens is aiming to elevate the feelings toward Scrooge and the ghostly story. The author illustrates that Scrooge who is depicted as â€Å"hard and sharp as a flint† is a greedy miser whom is so old and coldhearted that nothing other than his profits will phase him. Dickens uses the scene when the ghost of Christmas past, â€Å"a child-like old man† uses flashbacks to show Scrooge of the memories he once made to show the nature of the much younger character. This is evident when Fan â€Å"a little girl much younger than Scrooge† had brought out the affection of her older brother as they planned â€Å"to be together all the Christmas long, and have the merriest time in all the world.† What is important about this example is not just that it shows the compassion Scrooge once felt but also that Scrooge is not truly crooked and horrible to the core establishing the uplifting and inspiring feeling to readers. The title of the novella, A Christmas Carol, is immediately recognized by the reader as hardly appropriate for the first stave. Stave one does not resemble the happy and cheerful world of Christmas trees and presents, but instead the reader is exposed to, what can only be described as, ‘ghost story’ features. Ghost stories are meant to be scary, typically the ghosts that appear in this genre bring nothing but evil, but in this particular parable the trio of ghosts aim to help Scrooge. This is why the opening sentence â€Å"Marley was dead, to begin with† is particularly strange. Even though it is a ghost story, the ghostly circumstances of the tale help to highlight the uplifting messages and examples in the story. Dickens message to readers, The Cratchit family and Scrooges nature are all vital in the fulfilling and uplifting story of A Christmas Carol. The heart felt theme and comic element are all used well in order to inspire and influence the readers emotions towards each character. Dickens has achieved this using gothic literature and the ghostly features of the story. Overall, the author has used the learning of appropriate lessons to inspire and uplift the reader. Why has the title A Christmas Carol been chosen to represent what seems to be a ghost story?

Literary Devices Essay

A form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy. Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Alliteration The repetition of the same sound at the beginning of a word, such as the repetition of b sounds in Keats’s â€Å"beaded bubbles winking at the brim† (â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†) or Coleridge’s â€Å"Five miles meandering in a mazy motion (â€Å"Kubla Khan†). A common use for alliteration is emphasis. It occurs in everyday speech in such phrases as â€Å"tittle-tattle,† â€Å"bag and baggage,† â€Å"bed and board,† â€Å"primrose path,† and â€Å"through thick and thin† and in sayings like â€Å"look before you leap.† Some literary critics call the repetition of any sounds alliteration. However, there are specialized terms for other sound-repetitions. Consonance repeats consonants, but not the vowels, as in horror-hearer. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds, please-niece-ski-tree. Allusion A brief reference to a person, event, place, or phrase. The writer assumes readers will recognize the reference. For instance, most of us would know the difference between one being as reliable as George Washington or as reliable as Benedict Arnold. Allusions that are commonplace for readers in one era may require footnotes for readers in a later time. Ambiguity (1) A statement that has two or more possible meanings; (2) a statement whose meaning is unclear. Depending on the circumstances, ambiguity can be negative, leading to confusion or even disaster (the ambiguous wording of a general’s note led to the deadly charge of the Light Brigade in the Crimean War). On the other hand, writers often use it to achieve special effects, for instance, to reflect the complexity of an issue or to indicate the difficulty, perhaps the impossibility, of determining truth. Many of Hamlet’s statements to the King, to Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern, and to other characters are deliberately ambiguous, to hide his real purpose from them. Analogy The comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites and results of are types of relationships you should find. Anecdote Short tale narrating an interesting or amusing biographical incident. Anthropomorphism Used with God or gods. The act of attributing human forms or qualities to entities that are not human. Specifically, anthropomorphism is the describing of gods or goddesses in human forms and possessing human characteristics such as jealousy, hatred, or love. Mythologies of ancient peoples were almost entirely concerned with anthropomorphic gods. The Greek gods such as Zeus and Apollo often were depicted in anthropomorphic forms. The avatars of the Hindu god Vishnu possessed human forms and qualities. Antihero A protagonist who has the opposite of most of the traditional attributes of a hero. He or she may be bewildered, ineffectual, deluded, or merely pathetic. Often what antiheroes learn, if they learn anything at all, is that the world isolates them in an existence devoid of God and absolute values. Yossarian from Joseph Heller’s Catch-22 is an example of an antihero. Aphorism A brief saying embodying a moral, a concise statement of a principle or precept given in pointed words. Example: * Hippocrates: Life is short, art is long, opportunity fleeting, experimenting dangerous, reasoning difficult. * Alexander Pope: Some praise at morning what they blame at night. * Ralph Waldo Emerson: Imitation is suicide * Benjamin Franklin: Lost time is never found again. Apostrophe A direct address to a person, thing, or abstraction, such as â€Å"O Western Wind,† or â€Å"Ah, Sorrow, you consume us.† Apostrophes are generally capitalized. Archetype A term used to describe universal symbols that evoke deep and sometimes unconscious responses in a reader. In literature, characters, images, and themes that symbolically embody universal meanings and basic human experiences, regardless of when or where they live, are considered archetypes. Common literary archetypes include stories of quests, initiations, scapegoats, descents to the underworld, and ascents to heaven. See also mythological criticism. Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds, please-niece-ski-tree. Cadence The melodic pattern just before the end of a sentence or phrase – for instance an interrogation or an exhortation. More generally, the natural rhythm of language depending on the position of stressed and unstressed syllables. Cadence is a major component of individual writers’ styles. A cadence group is a coherent group of words spoken as a single rhythmic unit, such as a prepositional phrase, â€Å"of parting day† or a noun phrase, â€Å"our inalienable rights.† Catharsis Meaning â€Å"purgation,† catharsis describes the release of the emotions of pity and fear by the audience at the end of a tragedy. In his Poetics, Aristotle discusses the importance of catharsis. The audience faces the misfortunes of the protagonist, which elicit pity and compassion. Simultaneously, the audience also confronts the failure of the protagonist, thus receiving a frightening reminder of human limitations and frailties. Ultimately, however, both of these emotions are purged because the tragic protagonist’s suffering is an affirmation of human values rather than a despairing denial of them. See also tragedy. Clichà © An idea or expression that has become tired and trite from overuse, its freshness and clarity having worn off. Clichà ©s often anesthetize readers, and are usually a sign of weak writing. Colloquial Refers to a type of informal diction that reflects casual, conversational language and often includes slang. Connotation The emotions, values, or images associated with a word. The intensity of emotions or the power of the values and images associated with a word varies. Words connected with religion, politics and sex tend to have the strongest feelings and images associated with them.†¨ For most people, the word mother calls up very strong positive feelings and associations – loving, self-sacrificing, always there for you, understanding, etc.; the denotative meaning, on the other hand, is simply â€Å"a female animal who has borne one or more children.† Of course connotative meanings do not necessarily reflect reality; for instance, if someone said, â€Å"His mother is not very motherly,† you would immediately understand the difference between motherly (connotation) and mother (denotation). Consonance Repeats consonants, but not the vowels, as in horror-hearer Deism An intellectual religious movement en vogue through the late seventeenth century up to the late eighteenth century concerned with rational rather than faith-based approaches to religion and understanding God. The movement is often associated with the Enlightenment movement, Neoclassicism, and Free Masonry. In general, Deists prided themselves on free-thinking and logic and tended to reject any specific dogma, so it is difficult to define the beliefs of an individual Deist without referring to generalities. Deists were heavily influenced by John Locke’s mechanistic philosophy and Newtonian physics, seeing the universe as a place ruled rationally by cause and effect. They tended to see God as an impersonal but intelligent force, a first cause that created the universe and set it in motion, who then allowed life and matter to proceed on its own without further need for divine intervention. The logic is that, if God is infallible, omniscient and omnipotent, logically he would pre- establish his design in the world in such a way that he would not need to tinker constantly with it or adjust it through supernatural intervention. Deistic writings often refer to the Deity using metaphors of the architect, the watchmaker, the mason, or some other skilled worker who measures out the universe with geometric and mechanical precision. Thus, a common Deist metaphor compares the universe to a perfectly designed watch or clock – a construct created with complex gears and moving parts, then wound up, and finally released to operate on its own without any more effort on the creator’s part. Denotation The literal meaning of a word; there are no emotions, values, or images associated with denotative meaning. Scientific and mathematical language carries few, if any emotional or connotative meanings. Dialect The language of a particular district, class, or group of persons. The term dialect encompasses the sounds, spelling, grammar, and diction employed by a specific people as distinguished from other persons either geographically or socially. Dialect is a major technique of characterization that reveals the social or geographic status of a character. Diction A writer’s choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning. Formal diction consists of a dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language; it follows the rules of syntax exactly and is often characterized by complex words and lofty tone. Middle diction maintains correct language usage, but is less elevated than formal diction; it reflects the way most educated people speak. Informal diction represents the plain language of everyday use, and often includes idiomatic expressions, slang, contractions, and many simple, common words. Poetic diction refers to the way poets sometimes employ an elevated diction that deviates significantly from the common speech and writing of their time, choosing words for their supposedly inherent poetic qualities. Since the eighteenth century, however, poets have been incorporating all kinds of diction in their work and so there is no longer an automatic distinction between the language of a poet and the language of everyday speech Enjambment A line having no pause or end punctuation but having uninterrupted grammatical meaning continuing into the next line – usually applied to poetic formats. Euphemism Using a mild or gentle phrase instead of a blunt, embarrassing, or painful one. For instance, saying â€Å"Grandfather has gone to a better place† is a euphemism for â€Å"Grandfather has died.† The idea is to put something bad, disturbing, or embarrassing in an inoffensive or neutral light. Frequently, words referring directly to death, unpopular politics, blasphemy, crime, and sexual or excremental activities are replaced by euphemisms. Farce A farce is a form of low comedy designed to provoke laughter through highly exaggerated caricatures of people in improbable or silly situations. Traits of farce include (1) physical bustle such as slapstick, (2) sexual misunderstandings and mix-ups, and (3) broad verbal humor such as puns. Many literary critics (especially in the Victorian period) have tended to view farce as inferior to â€Å"high comedy† that involves brilliant dialogue. Many of Shakespeare’s early works, such as The Taming of the Shrew, are considered farces. Flashback Action that interrupts to show an event that happened at an earlier time which is necessary to better understanding. Foil A secondary character who contrasts with a major character; in Hamlet, Laertes and Fortinbras, whose fathers have been killed, are foils for Hamlet. Foreshadowing Where the author drops subtle hints about the plot development to come later in the story. Hyperbole Exaggeration, often extravagant; it may be used for serious or for comic effect. Idiom In its loosest sense, the word idiom is often used as a synonym for dialect or idiolect. In its more scholarly and narrow sense, an idiom or idiomatic expression refers to a construction or expression in one language that cannot be matched or directly translated word-for-word in another language. For instance, the English expression, â€Å"She has a bee in her bonnet,† meaning â€Å"she is obsessed,† cannot be literally translated into another language word for word. It is a non-literal idiomatic expression, akin to â€Å"She is green with envy.† In the same way, the Spanish phrase, â€Å"Me gustan los arboles,† is usually translated as, â€Å"I like the trees,† but if we were to pull the phrase apart and read it word for word, it would make no sense in analytical English (i.e., â€Å"To me pleases the trees†). Imagery Language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching. Each of these types of imagery has a specific name: * Olfactory imagery stimulates the sense of smell. * Tactile imagery stimulates the sense of touch. * Visual imagery stimulates the sense of sight. * Auditory imagery stimulates the sense of hearing. * Gustatory imagery stimulates the sense of taste. * Kinesthesia is imagery that recreates a feeling of physical action or natural bodily function (like a pulse, a heartbeat, or breathing). * Synaesthesia is imagery that involves the use of one sense to evoke another (Ex: loud color; warm gesture). Irony The discrepancy (incongruity) between what is said and what is meant, what is said and what is done, what is expected or intended and what happens, what is meant or said and what others understand. Sometimes irony is classified into types: in situational irony, expectations aroused by a situation are reversed; in cosmic irony or the irony of fate, misfortune is the result of fate, chance or God; in dramatic irony, the audience knows more than the characters in the play, so that words and action have additional meaning for the audience; Socractic irony is named after Socrates’ teaching method, whereby he assumes ignorance and openness to opposing points of view which turn out to be (he shows them to be) foolish. Metaphor A comparison of two dissimilar things, which does not use â€Å"like† or â€Å"as,† Metonymy Substituting a word for another word closely associated with it. Queen Elizabeth controlled the crown for years. The crown = the monarchy He has always loved the stage. The stage = the theater He will follow the cross. The cross = Christianity Motif (1) A recurrent thematic element in an artistic or literary work. (2) A dominant theme or central idea. Mood The emotional attitude the author takes towards the subject. Narrator The voice of the person telling the story, not to be confused with the author’s voice. With a first-person narrator, the I in the story presents the point of view of only one character. The reader is restricted to the perceptions, thoughts and feelings of that single character. First-person narrators can play either a major or a minor role in the story they are telling. An unreliable narrator reveals an interpretation of events that is somehow different from the author’s own interpretation of those events. Often, the unreliable narrator’s perception of plot, characters, and setting becomes the actual subject of the story. Narrators can be unreliable for a number of reasons: they might lack self-knowledge, they might be inexperienced, or they might even be insane. Naive narrators are usually characterized by youthful innocence, such as Mark Twain’s Huck Finn or J. D. Salinger’s Holden Caulfield. An omniscient narrator is an all-knowing narrator who i s not a character in the story and who can move from place to place and pass back and forth through time, slipping into and out of characters as no human being possibly could in real life. Omniscient narrators can report the thoughts and feelings of the characters, as well as their words and actions. The narrator of The Scarlet Letter is an omniscient narrator. Editorial omniscience refers to an intrusion by the narrator in order to evaluate a character for a reader, as when the narrator of The Scarlet Letter describes Hester’s relationship to the Puritan community. Narration that allows the characters’ actions and thoughts to speak for themselves is called neutral omniscience. Most modern writers use neutral omniscience so that readers can reach their own conclusions. Limited omniscience occurs when an author restricts a narrator to the single perspective of either a major or minor character. The way people, places, and events appear to that character is the way they appear to the reader. Sometimes a limited omniscient narrator can see into more than one character, particularly in a work that focuses on two characters alternately from one chapter to the next. Short stories, however, are frequently limited to a single character’s point of view. Onomatopoeia A word whose sounds seem to duplicate the sounds they describe–hiss, buzz, bang, murmur, meow, growl. Oxymoron A statement with two parts that seem contradictory; examples: sad joy, a wise fool, the sound of silence, or Hamlet’s saying, â€Å"I must be cruel only to be kind.† Parable A story or short narrative designed to allegorically reveal some religious principle, moral lesson, psychological reality, or general truth. Rather than using abstract discussion, a parable always teaches by comparison with real or literal occurrences, especially everyday occurrences a wide number of people can relate to. Well known examples of parables include those found in the Gospels, such as â€Å"The Prodigal Son† and â€Å"The Good Samaritan.† Paradox A statement whose two parts seem contradictory yet make sense with more thought. Christ used paradox in his teaching: â€Å"They have ears but hear not.† Or in ordinary conversation, we might use a paradox, â€Å"Deep down he’s really very shallow.† Paradox attracts the reader’s or the listener’s attention and gives emphasis. Parody A parody imitates the serious manner and characteristic features of a particular literary work in order to make fun of those same features. The humorist achieves parody by exaggerating certain traits common to the work, much as a caricaturist creates a humorous depiction of a person by magnifying and calling attention to the person’s most noticeable features. The term parody is often used synonymously with the more general term spoof, which makes fun of the general traits of a genre rather than one particular work or author. Often the subject matter of a parody is comically inappropriate, such as using the elaborate, formal diction of an epic to describe something trivial like washing socks or cleaning a dusty attic. Persona A mask for the author to speak through. In literature, a persona is a speaker created by a writer to tell a story or to speak in a poem. A persona is not a character in a story or narrative, nor does a persona necessarily directly reflect the author’s personal voice. A persona is a separate self, created by and distinct from the author, through which he or she speaks. Personification Treating abstractions or inanimate objects as human, that is, giving them human attributes, powers, or feelings, e.g., â€Å"nature wept† or â€Å"the wind whispered many truths to me.† Point of view Refers to who tells us a story and how it is told. What we know and how we feel about the events in a work are shaped by the author’s choice of point of view. The teller of the story, the narrator, inevitably affects our understanding of the characters’ actions by filtering what is told through his or her own perspective. The various points of view that writers draw upon can be grouped into two broad categories: (1) the third-person narrator uses he, she, or they to tell the story and does not participate in the action; and (2) the first-person narrator uses I and is a major or minor participant in the action. In addition, a second-person narrator, you, is also possible, but is rarely used because of the awkwardness of thrusting the reader into the story, as in â€Å"You are minding your own business on a park bench when a drunk steps out and demands your lunch bag.† An objective point of view employs a third-person narrator who does not see into the mind of any character. From this detached and impersonal perspective, the narrator reports action and dialogue without telling us directly what the characters think and feel. Since no analysis or interpretation is provided by the narrator, this point of view places a premium on dialogue, actions and details to reveal character to the reader. Pun The usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound. It consists of a deliberate confusion of similar words or phrases for rhetorical effect, whether humorous or serious. It can rely on the assumed equivalency of multiple similar words (homonymy), of different shades of meaning of one word (polysemy), or of a literal meaning with a metaphor. Bad puns are often considered to be cheesy. * A hangover is the wrath of grapes. * Without geometry, life is pointless. * Reading while sunbathing makes you well-red. Repetition The return of a word, phrase, stanza form, or effect in any form of literature. Repetition is an effective literary device that may bring comfort, suggest order, or add special meaning to a piece of literature. Satire A literary tone used to ridicule or make fun of human vice or weakness, often with the intent of correcting, or changing, the subject of the satiric attack. Simile A comparison of two dissimilar things using â€Å"like† or â€Å"as† Stereotype A simplified and/or standardized conception or image with specific meaning, often held in common by members of a group. A stereotype can be a conventional and oversimplified conception, opinion or image. Stereotypes can range from those that are wildly inaccurate and negative to those that are more than a little bit true and may even shed positive light upon the group of individuals. They are typically generalizations based on minimal or limited knowledge about a group to which the person doing the stereotyping does not belong. Style Manner of expression; how a speaker or writer says what he says. Suspense The feeling of uncertainty and interest about the outcome of certain actions, most often referring to an audience’s perceptions in a dramatic work. Symbolism When an author uses an object or idea to suggest more than its literal meaning. A person, place, or event stands for something other than it is, usually something broader or deeper than it is. Symbols In general terms, anything that stands for something else. Obvious examples are flags, which symbolize a nation; the cross is a symbol for Christianity; Uncle Sam a symbol for the United States. In literature, a symbol is expected to have significance. Keats starts his ode with a real nightingale, but quickly it becomes a symbol, standing for a life of pure, unmixed joy; then before the end of the poem it becomes only a bird again. Synecdoche When one uses a part to represent the whole. â€Å"Lend me your ears.† (give me your attention) Syntax The way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together Theme (1) The abstract concept explored in a literary work; (2) frequently recurring ideas, such as enjoy life while you can; (3) repetition of a meaningful element in a work, such as references to sight, vision and blindness in Oedipus Rex. Sometimes the theme is also called the motif. Themes in Hamlet include the nature of filial duty and the dilemma of the idealist in a non-ideal situation. A theme in Keats’s â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† is the difficulty of correlating the ideal and the real. Tone The writer’s attitude toward the material and/or readers. Tone may be playful, formal, intimate, angry, serious, ironic, outraged, baffled, tender, serene, depressed, etc. Tragedy A story that presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death. Tragedies recount an individual’s downfall; they usually begin high and end low. Shakespeare is known for his tragedies, including Macbeth, King Lear, Othello, and Hamlet. The revenge tragedy is a well-established type of drama that can be traced back to Greek and Roman plays, particularly through the Roman playwright Seneca (c. 3 b.c.–a.d. 63). Revenge tragedies basically consist of a murder that has to be avenged by a relative of the victim. Typically, the victim’s ghost appears to demand revenge and, invariably, madness of some sort is worked into subsequent events, which ultimately end in the deaths of the murderer, the avenger and a number of other characters. Shakespeare’s Hamlet subscribes to the basic ingredients of revenge tragedy . It also transcends these conventions because Hamlet contemplates revenge, suicide and the meaning of life itself. The tragic irony is found in tragedies such as Oedipus Rex, in which Oedipus ironically ends up hunting himself. A story that presents courageous individuals who confront powerful forces within or outside themselves with a dignity that reveals the breadth and depth of the human spirit in the face of failure, defeat, and even death. Tragic irony is a form of dramatic irony found in tragedies such as Oedipus Rex, in which Oedipus ironically ends up hunting himself.. Tragic flaw An error or defect in the tragic hero that leads to his downfall, such as greed, pride, or ambition. This flaw may be a result of bad character, bad judgment, an inherited weakness, or any other defect of character. Tragicomedy A type of drama that combines certain elements of tragedy and comedy. The play’s plot tends to be serious, leading to a terrible catastrophe, until an unexpected turn of events leads to a reversal of circumstance, and the story ends happily. Tragicomedy often employs a romantic, fast-moving plot dealing with love, jealousy, disguises, treachery, intrigue, and surprises, all moving toward a melodramatic resolution. Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice is a tragicomedy. Understatement (also known as litotes and meiosis) Casual or light treatment of the subject, it has two effects: (1) shows that the author does not take a subject seriously, (2) calls upon the moral indignation of the reader because the subject does not seem to be taken seriously. * Example: â€Å"I’m really glad that you have come to visit,† said the spider to the fly. Verisimilitude Something that has the appearance of being true or real. Vernacular The everyday or common language of a geographic area or the native language of commoners in a country as opposed to a prestigious dead language maintained artificially in schools or in literary texts. Latin, for instance, has not been a vernacular language for about 1250 years. Sanskrit has not been a vernacular language in India for more than 2000 years. However, Latin in medieval Europe and Sanskrit in ancient India were considered much more suitable for art, scholarship, poetry, and religious texts than the common tongue of everyday people even though (or perhaps because) only a small percentage of the learned could read the older languages.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

English - Essay Example It could be an advantage to the agency to dismiss her as it will protect the agency from any further leaks from McCarthy. Another reason I can find for firing McCarthy is the fact that her action broke the agreement of secrecy required by any agent of the CIA. (Shrader,) Again, this means that McCarthy cannot be trusted; however this may not be reason enough to dismiss her. A disadvantage of firing McCarthy is that the media will most likely support McCarthy as it is favorable for the media to take the side of someone who is apparently being fired unfairly. Also, the President may not agree as his interests don't always agree with those of the CIA, according to Senator Menendez. (Shrader) In order to avoid opposition from the president and from the media I feel it might be best to place McCarthy under probation and if it is found she is not to be trusted I will have a solid reason to dismiss McCarthy. I failed one polygraph test and now my job is on the line. (Shrader) I'm sure they want to fire me. I need to gather my thoughts together and analyze this situation. I've already confessed the leak and that could work in my favor. I also need to determine what reasons the agency may have for firing me and not firing me and act accordingly.

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Case study - Essay Example Because of higher demands, price quotation would also not be a problem for the company because it can be assured that consumers will be ready to pay. This way, the company will not be forced in making price quotations that affects its expenditure and ratio balance (Blunt, Jones, & Richards, 2003). What is more, the market segment to be used for this proposal would ensure that there will be less expenditure on shared cost such as transportation. This way, the company will be looking at a revenue ratio that far outweighs its expenditure, making it easier to realize profits. Even though the risks identified with this proposal are realistic, it is hoped that there will be equally effective risk mitigation and contingency procedures that will be used to meet such risks as political inconsistency, which may bring about new financial policies that may be unfavourable for the company. 2.0 Risk Log for Recommended Proposal Risk Category Risk Name Risk Number Probability (1 – 3) Impact (1 – 3) Risk Score Mitigation Contingency Action by Action when National Uncertainty in success rate due to Scottish referendum 1.1 2 2 4 Look for new markets outside of Scotland Start a new market right away Eddy Ware Now National Political change that affects existing economic policies 1.2 1 3 3 Engage in pre-referendum economic policies that hedge the company against any possible economic shocks Hedge from a new capital market Elaine Morgan Now Local people Scottish locals accepting foreign brand 2.1 1 2 2 Introducing the product to a more foreign oriented market Find substitute products to introduce to the market Eddy Ware Now Currency Exchange risk emanating from possible change of currency 3.1 1 2 2 Currency market hedging that puts the company ahead of any possible currency shocks in about one year after new currency introduction Buy hedged currency product Elaine Morgan Upon announcement of new currency Raw material downturn in this year’s yield of organic suga r crop 4.1 2 2 4 The use of alternative and backup suppliers Stock company inventory now Paul Hollywood Now 3.0 Stakeholder Analysis 3.1 Identifying key stakeholders and their interest The implementation of the proposal to expand cake and biscuit production needs the input, consent, power, support and approval of several people, who together come to form a stakeholder base for the proposal. In line with the conditions needed to kick start the proposal and also to control the risk, the following people are identified within the organization as stakeholders. Gordon Blanc: As the CEO and head chef of MOP Restaurant, he is included as a stakeholder who would have authorizing powers to give approvals to the starting, continuation and stoppage of various tasks within the proposal. Particularly with areas that have to do with the MOP restaurant, it is expected that Gordon Blanc will make extra roles such as quality control roles for the manufacturing of cakes and biscuits for the restauran t. Martin Inch: He is also needed for his capacity as the CEO to give authorities on the start, continuation and conclusion of projects. It is expected that the project manager would make direct reports to him about the progress, successes and challenges within the project as he is the eventual overseers of

Two and a Half Men Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Two and a Half Men Analysis - Assignment Example It provides the perfect opportunity to study two opposite forms of modern masculinity. â€Å"Literature on gender and hegemonic masculinity frames this research project, offering both a historical perspective and a critical understanding of media representations. I argue that the performances of hegemonic and subordinated masculinity on Two and a Half Men reconstruct and reinforce the dominance of hegemonic masculinity within our society as the only acceptable performance of manhood. Effeminate masculinity, an alternative masculinity, fails to find legitimate cultural articulation within the show.† â€Å"In an important sense there is only one complete unblushing male in America: a young, married, white, urban, northern, heterosexual, Protestant, father, of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight, and height, and a recent record in sports†¦ Any male who fails to qualify in any one of these ways is likely to view himself–during moments at leas t– as unworthy, incomplete and inferior† (Sex and Gender, nd). If this then is what our society expects from the â€Å"perfect† man and the main character Charlie Harper has literally none of these other than white fully employed and good looking, could we assume that these then are the historical attributes alone that attract us and especially female viewers to him? Technical Perspective The technical aspect of media may be summed in Lasswell’s model. According to Lassswell, this aspect encompasses who says what, to whom it is being said and effect it that the â€Å"saying† has (Aect, 2011). Two and a Half Men as a comedy has been starred by John Cryer, Jones Angus and Charlie Sheen, individuals who have proven beyond doubt to the audience that they are capable of... Two and a Half Men has been a captivating hit since it started gracing the airwaves in 2003. The program basically compares the character of one individual in the show with the same character in his real life. The story portrays a family that is clearly dysfunctional from every point of standing and yet one that has remained a story of great interest to an audience consisting of people across different ages and gender. Two and a Half Men has interested various people, age and gender being no barrier, there are various elements that have led to this captivation as can be seen based on the various perspectives discussed above. This is an amazing thing with Kutcher replacing Charlie Sheen because now we will know so much about ourselves. Did we watch the show primarily because Charlie Sheen was the lead or did we watch the show because we deep down expect the male role to be that of a hard drinking women getting misogynist who contrasts the respectable but boring brother. We will find out if the show was drawing audiences with the clichà © of the dumb child and cold aloof mother or whether or not the world finds the dysfunctioning of someone else’s family is like that train wreck we don’t want to turn away from. Various spectators have aired their disrespect for Charlie Sheen’s actions in respect of boasting about his supernatural abilities. Whereas some feel that CBS took the right direction in stopping the production of the shows for his utterances, others feel that Sheen’s actions related to the abuse of several women is the greater sin. I personally thought Charlie Sheen was made for this role and vice versa considering the spring board from when he replaced Michael J Fox in Spin City. I was sad to see Michael Fox leave but became quickly sold on the very first episode with Charlie Sheen as was most of America. You saw it there in his Spin City Charlie Crawford role which developed into his Charlie Harper role which just maybe was the real life problem of Charlie Sheen trying to live up to his on screen persona. Wholesome and naà ¯ve TV sitcoms themselves from Father Knows Best and Leave it to Beaver have grown and matured and even festered over the many years since the 19 50s and we can see that same festering path in Charlie Sheen’s life.

Ethical and legal issues of do not resuscitate orders Essay

Ethical and legal issues of do not resuscitate orders - Essay Example Who decides how and when should a terminally ill patient die? Should we or shouldn’t we prolong the life of a patient who has no hope of a having a good life in the future? What is morally right and ethical? Should the patient be made to decide whether or not he/she wants to be resuscitated or do we â€Å"play God† and decide how life should be taken away? The issuance and the implementation of Do Not Resuscitate orders (DNR) in hospitals have been a very sensitive issue in all walks of life not just the medical sector most especially those cases involving the operating room where time is clearly of the essence and sometimes, decisions have to be made outright by the healthcare practitioners attending to the patient. In cases of patients in the OR, where there are no clear advance instructions, there is no time for healthcare practitioners to confer with the patient or his/her immediate family, thus, often times, decisions are made relying solely on the medical judgment of the attending healthcare practitioners. As these develop, many arguments have been presented and cases have reached the courts arguing the validity and morality of a DNR most especially those involving the operating theatre. This resulted in formal attempts to define the physicians’ obligations in such cases, resulting to varied and sometimes contradicting conclusions. Consent of the patient for example, have generated different reactions in terms of legislations. The state of New York passed legislation in 1988 mandating patient consent to DNR orders [New York State Public Health Law, 1988]. However, recent joint statement by the British Medical Association, the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing [BMA, RC (UK) RCN. 2001] in the United Kingdom did not specifically require patient consent to DNR orders. It does however

Portfolio Management based on Market Share and Market Growth Assignment

Portfolio Management based on Market Share and Market Growth - Assignment Example It was initially formed as a joint venture with Daimler-Benz AG of Germany. The company received a breakthrough by the launch of its first passenger car, The Tata Indica, in 1998. The company is headquartered in Mumbai, India. The company’s global recognition can be established by the fact that it is the fourth largest truck maker and third largest bus manufacturer in the world. The first Tata car was rolled out in the year 1954. Most of the production facilities of the company are located in India itself. Globally, Tata Motors have significant operational presence in UK, South Korea, Thailand and Spain apart from the market presence in Europe, Africa, Middle East, South America, South Asia and South East Asia. (Tata Motors, 2011) Some of the big ticket acquisitions and joint ventures inside and outside the country have helped Tata Motors to grow at a higher rate. Some of the big acquisitions made by Tata Motors are South Korea’s Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, acqu isition of 21% stake in Spanish bus maker Hispano Carrocera and UK’s Jaguar Land Rover. Some of the notable joint ventures of Tata Motors are Tata Fiat in India, Tata Marcopolo and Thailand’s Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant Company. Tata Motors has also made impact by introducing the world’s cheapest car Tata Nano in 2008. Even during such tremendous growth period, Tata Motors is highly impacted by globalisation. Globalisation has impacted Tata Motors in many ways. Increased competitions, technological advancement, marketing challenges, etc. are some of them. This essay will make a closer look into the various impacts of globalisation on Tata Motors. II. Theoretical Framework The impact of globalisation on Tata Motors can be analysed based on the various theories and models. Some of the models that can be used in this case are Pestel Framework, SWOT Analysis, 4 P’s, Porter’s Diamond Model and Boston Matrix. Using these tools will help to look cl osely into the globalisation issues of Tata Motors. Pestel Framework: Pestel framework will help to analyse Tata Motors regarding the challenges like political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. It can be said that most of the impacts of globalisation can be discussed under any of these six environmental factors. â€Å"By using the PESTEL framework we can analyse the many different factors in a firm's macro environment.† (Oxford University Press, 2007) Understanding the factor(s) that has the most impact is important to formulate future strategies for the company. Therefore, a PESTEL analysis will help to identify which factor(s) cause the most impact on the businesses and operations of Tata Motors. SWOT Analysis: SWOT analysis is important in this case because it will help to identify the internal and external advantages and disadvantages for Tata Motors. â€Å"SWOT is the overall evaluation of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, oppo rtunities, and threats.† (Wang, 2007) Understanding the strong and weak areas of a company is extremely important in order to decide how well it can make use of the market

Factors Impacting the Quality of Construction in the United Arab Assignment

Factors Impacting the Quality of Construction in the United Arab Emirates - Assignment Example nd high level of competition in the commercial marketplace, the contractors are required to enhance their ability in order to develop their performance based on these aspects. Accumulatively, the aforementioned factors tend to have a significant influence over the quality delivered by the construction industry. Furthermore, there are other factors which also impose a certain degree of impact on the quality of construction industry can be identified as construction materials, management and training of employees, and capability of contractors. In the UAE, government tends to provide significant consideration towards the construction industry. Governmental reports, in this regards reveal that the construction segment in the UAE has seen an era of remarkable boom, especially prior to 2007-2008 financial downturn when the industry was negatively impacted by the consequent debt crisis. During the economic failure of 2007, several construction projects in UAE were postponed or cancelled. Furthermore, the intense changes in micro-environmental factors such as markets, customers and competitors along with the confidence of construction organizations in the UAE was observed to reduce considerably where the market players started reconsidering their business strategies. Contextually, several organizations had experienced problems for adjusting with the changes occurring in the international business environment. Due to lack of readiness to adjust with the changing business circumstances, most of the construction organizations were forced to adopt survival strategies rather than growth strategies during the past few years which imposed a considerable impact on the quality assurance rendered by the company (Oryx Middle East, n.d.). Despite of the above circumstances, UAE has high probability of growth in its construction segment. The rise of oil price in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region initiates several big construction projects in the UAE. The growth in construction

Wal-Mart for a stratgic mangement and business policy essay

Wal-Mart for a stratgic mangement and business policy - Essay Example It has driven lesser retailers out of commerce; forced companies to be well-organized, commonly leading these suppliers to move industrial jobs overseas; and changed the routine that yet large and reputable productions do. Wal-Mart has existence over all the customer supplies industries that endure in the US, for the reason that it is the number-one supplier-retailer of the majority of our customer goods, not still toys, clothes, shoes but home applications, electronic goods, sporting products, food, bicycles, groceries (Anderson, 2003). Business strategy: By viewing the universal compaction and such a huge working structure of the Wal-Mart, I will suggest that they need to adopt low cost leadership theme for Wal-Mart. The reason behind this business strategy selection is that: in the present era we are facing a very hard competition from lot of competitors and the low prices Business strategy is the only solid and more attractive strategy in present environment (McCune, 1994). How this business strategy will facilitate and help the Wal-Mart in becoming a well established business? By this business strategy they can emphasize on selling high-quality. Wal-Mart low price philosophy will cut advertising expenses and reduce other expenses. It will create an image of reliability and fair play in the minds of clients. This Business strategy will become a defense against competition in the industry. Next I will present the program and main decision that they should take for the successful implementation of the strategy. They should develop a mechanism by which management controls the processes for directing, development, scheming, organizing, and controlling program operations. They should create a financial control that comprise comparison of what they have really accomplished with what they have premeditated in their budget and as such it is individual business task amongst a lot of, and encompasses but one facet of the wider practice of management

Nihilism and its Relationship to the Death of God Essay

Nihilism and its Relationship to the Death of God - Essay Example Nihilism represents a philosophy of negation for all forms aestheticism. Friedrich Nietzsche wrote a great deal of literature concerning nihilism; however, critics argue that Nietzsche did not advocate nihilism, but he was concerned about the effects of nihilism on society and culture. The fundamental basis of nihilism constitutes the entire rejection of both social sciences and classical philosophical systems. Nihilism advocated utilitarianism and scientific rationalism. Utilitarianism is a moral framework that proposes doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Scientific rationalism deals with providing valid reasons to support arguments for them to be considered true. Nihilism aimed at negating all authority practiced by the state, church and family by representing a form of positivism and materialism comprising of a revolt against the established social order. Nihilists believed primarily on scientific truths for finding solutions to social problems; according to Nietzsche, science was the cure for all social problems since it eliminated ignorance that caused evil in societies. It is critical to understand the meaning and historical background of nihilism in order to recognize the relationship between nihilism and the death of God.

Labour Law & Industrial Relations-Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Labour Law Industrial Relations-Bangladesh Essay If the objection not met satisfactorily DOL may reject the application Judgement of the LAT shall be final Any party aggrieved by the judgement of Labour Court may prefer to appeal to the Labour Appellate Tribunal within 30 days from the date of order of Labour Court Labour Court may pass an order directing the DOL to register the TU within a period of 7 days Labour Court may dismiss the appeal of Trade Union Labour Court Conducts hearing into the appeal TU may apply to Labour Court within 30 days from the date of rejection or in case any delayed disposal by the DOL

Impact of Feminism on Public Administration

Impact of Feminism on Public Administration Impact of Feminism on Public Administration Literature Review The article is all about the impact of feminism on Public administration. It discusses the feminism and feminist perspective in Public administration as well. It narrates the role of woman in public administration on the basis of challenges, duties and capabilities of woman with respect to public administration. The article also describes the nature of woman and discusses it in depth with the help of different phenomena discussed in the different other classic articles that were relevant to the topic as well. The article gives a better view of role of women in public administration, their management skills, their thinking and decision making abilities and tries to sum up the impact which feminism imparts on public administration. The article has following sections. Literature Review Integration with article from PAR Case Study Women are the greater part of world population. They are taking part in every course of life at equality with the men. In the west women are also involved in public administration as well and doing their responsibilities in a satisfactory manner. It is really important to understand the natural difference that Nature has drawn between the aptitude of men and women. In general women are far much sensitive than the men so it’s really important for the employers who have women employees, because as compared to men women just don’t like to be bossed and given orders. But when it comes to the public administration women have to follow the orders. This leads us to think about the way and mechanism of giving orders. High ups must realize that they should not make feel their subordinates down and should be very careful and professional while issuing orders. This concept becomes more complex when the subordinate is a woman because if a manager or high rank officer makes a woman feel that she is solely bound to his order. She would definitely show some resentment which can be the violation of deadlines, compromising the quality of work or in worst case it can cause resignation of that woman employee. (Follett, 1926) The most important factor with respect to the impact of feminism’s impact on public administration is gender discrimination. According to Maslow’s theory of human motivation, it’s a basic right of an individual to get a job regardless of the gender. But it is quite tragic that if we analyze this situation in a broader perspective, we come to know that apart from some developed countries in the west, there is huge gender discrimination in rest of the world. Even in the west when the women become the part of the system, they have to face a lot of gender discrimination that really affects their performance and also renders their management skills. (MASLOW). Apart from the way of giving orders and gender discrimination another thing that is relevant to impact of the feminism on public administration is the importance of woman as a resource of an organization. Analyzing an institution in terms of its human resource helps the organization to minimize the differences be tween employees and high ups. (McGregor). After discussing the general things that play a vital role in terms of deciding the impact of feminism on public administration, now it’s important to apply these things in a particular environment that is public administration and bureaucracy. (Krislov, 2003). Women can be good administrators if they are assigned the duties which match their capabilities and address all the differences that Nature has drawn between the men and women. In other words feminism can imparts some good impact on the public administration even if the concept of feminism is understood and conceived properly. Integration with article from PAR It’s been quite a while that in the developed world women are given equal chances to contribute in public administration as well. It is a fact that they are doing their responsibilities in an appropriate manner and many of the women are playing major role in the overall governance of their countries as well. West has done a fabulous job in order to empower the women empowering them with the confidence that they can be the part of government as well and can play a major role to better the overall governance of the country as well. But it’s still a need of time that rest of the world also realize this fact and provide equal chances to women in order to prove their management and administrative skills by playing their role in public administration. The world has become a global village and now the mode of governance has also been modified to a greater extent. Most of the developed countries have realized that it’s all about devolution of power and authority in order to better the overall governance. Devolution of power involves a long series of acts but with our perspective the most important one is to give equal rights to women to serve their country. The most common example of empowering the women is to give them chances to be a part of public administration. Inclusion of women in public administration can be a real good for the all other women in the country as it is a fact that women are much more aware of the problems of their gender and it can be useful to take their input. It is really important to make sure the devolution of power in order to better the governance because it is the need of time as world is evolving at a really faster pace. Hence, the role of government becomes very crucial as it has to take some steps in order to empower all the communities of society in some way. One of the most common ways of doing that is to encourage the inclusion of women in public administration. Case Study How gender affects women’s status in public administration? The case study is relevant to all the discussion done in above sections. It is really important to perceive the effects of gender discrimination on the performance of women who are playing their role in public administration in different capacities. Although west has done a remarkable job in terms of perishing the negative effects of gender discrimination but still there can be found a significant number of women complaining about the gender discrimination in public administration. Most of them complained that gender discrimination caused their performance to decrease and eventually they felt retarded. They said that throughout their professional career, they have faced a lot of gender discrimination. This shows that women in the west are also facing the curse of gender discrimination and that too in the public administration that is really crucial for any country and society. It is really important that a workplace should be depolarized and appreciates the both men and women. (Schumacher, 2009) It becomes even more important when it comes to public administration as negative effects of gender discrimination do not only affect the women but eventually they impart bad impact on the whole society as well. Public administration is related to public affairs and all the officials related to this sort of work should be focused only on their work. But when the employees will face issues like gender discrimination, it would be a tragic situation for the whole society. Gender discrimination creates a trust deficit among the women involved in public administration and eventually they are just unable to fulfill their duties in an appropriate manner. Works Cited Follett, M. P. (1926). The Giving of Orders. Krislov, S. (2003). Representative Bureaucracy. M.E Sharpe, Inc. MASLOW, A. H. (n.d.). A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION. McGregor, D. (n.d.). The Human Side of Enterprise. The Human Side of Enterprise . Schumacher, M. E. (2009). Foundations of Public Administration. Retrieved September 10, 2014, from http://www.aspanet.org: http://www.aspanet.org/public/ASPADocs/PAR/FPA/FPA-DIV-Article.pdf

How Does the Body Maintain Acid-Base Balance?

How Does the Body Maintain Acid-Base Balance? It is important to regulate chemical balance or homeostasis of body fluids. Acidity or alkalinity has to be regulated. An acid is a substance that lets out hydrogen ions in solution. Strong acid like hydrochloric acid release all or nearly all their hydrogen ions and weak acids like carbonic acid release some hydrogen ions. Bases or alkalis have low hydrogen ion concentration and can accept hydrogen ions in solution. Acidity or alkalinity of a solution is measured by pH. (1) Regulation of Acid-base Balance Body fluids are maintained within a narrow range that is slightly alkaline. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.35 and 7.45. Acids are continually produced during metabolism. Several body systems including buffers, the respiratory system and the renal system are actively involved in maintaining the narrow pH range necessary for optimal function. Buffers help maintain acid bases balance by neutralizing excess acids and bases. The lungs and the kidneys help maintain a normal pH by either excreting or retaining acids or bases. (1) Hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids Hydrogen ions are continually being added to the body fluids as a result of metabolic activities. To maintain a constant (H+) in the body fluids, input of hydrogen ions must be balanced by an equal output. On the input side only a small amount of acid capable of dissociating release H+ is taken in with food. Most hydrogen ions in the body fluids are generated internally from metabolic activities. Normally hydrogen ions continually being added to the body fluids from three following sources: Carbonic acid formation. The major source of H+ is through H2CO3 formation metabolically produced CO2. Cellular oxidation of nutrients yields energy with CO2 and H2O as end products. Catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, CO2 and H2O from H2CO3 which then partially dissociates to liberate free hydrogen ions and HCO3-. Reaction The reaction is reversible because it can go in either direction, depending on the concentration of the substances involved. Within the systemic capillaries, the CO2 level in the blood increases as metabolically produced CO2 enters from the tissues. This drives the reaction to the acid side, generating H+ as well as HCO3- in the process. In the lungs, the reaction is reversed: CO2 diffuses from the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli from which it is expired to the atmosphere. The reduction in CO2 in the blood drives the reaction toward the CO2 side. Hydrogen ions and HCO3- form H2CO3 which rapidly decomposes into CO2 and H20 once again. The CO2 is exhaled while the hydrogen ions are incorporated into H2O molecules. When the respiratory system is able to keep pace with the rate of metabolism, there is no net gain or loss of H+ in the body fluids from metabolically produced CO2. When the rate of CO2 removal by the lungs does not match the rate of CO2 produ ction at the tissue level, the resultant accumulation of CO2 in the body leads to an excess or shortage of free H+ in the body fluids. Inorganic acids produced during the breakdown of nutrients. Dietary proteins and other ingested nutrient molecules that are found abundantly in meat contain a large quantity of sulfur and phosphorus. When the molecules are broken down, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid are produced as by-products. Being moderately strong acids, these two inorganic acids dissociate to a large extent which releases free H+ into the body fluids. In contrast, the breakdown of fruits and vegetables produce bases that neutralize the acids originating from protein metabolism. Organic acids resulting from intermediary metabolism. Numerous organic acids are produced during normal intermediary metabolism e.g. fatty acids are produced during fat metabolism and lactic acid is produced by muscles during heavy exercise. These acids partially separate to produce free H+. Hydrogen ion generation normally goes on as a result of ongoing metabolic activities. (1) Buffer systems Buffers prevent too many changes in pH by removing or releasing hydrogen ions. If excess hydrogen ions is present in body fluids then buffers bind with the hydrogen concentration which minimizes the changes in pH. The acidity of a buffer is immediate but limited in capacity to maintain or restore normal acid-base balance. The pH of blood plasma is around about 7.3-7.4. The pH of urine is 7 which are neutral but it can be more but certain factors can make the pH of urine go up or down. The pH of mucus can vary from organ to organ with a pH of 6.9 to 9. Lymph has a pH of 7.4 and saliva has a pH of 7.4 (2) The phosphate buffer system Phosphoric acid changes quickly into dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-). The dihydrogen phosphate is an excellent buffer since it can either grab a hydrogen ion or reform phosphoric acid or it can give off another hydrogen ion and become monohydrogen phosphate (HPO42-). The figure shows that in an extremely basic condition, monohydrogen phosphate can even give up remaining hydrogen ion. If H2PO4- is in acidic solution, the reaction above will go to the left and if the H2PO4- is in a basic solution, the reaction proceeds to the right. Therefore the phosphate buffer system can accept or donate hydrogen ions depending on the solution it is in. (2) The protein buffer system Protein themselves act as buffers. Proteins are made up of amino acids and amino acids have a central carbon with four groups off of it. These four groups are carboxyl group (COOH), an amino group (NH2), a hydrogen atom and an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Rà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ group. The carboxyl and amino groups are what enable proteins to act as buffers. (2)aminoac.jpg (21060 bytes) The carboxyl group is attached to the amino acid central carbon; C-COOH. In the figure there is a carboxyl group off to the left. The carboxyl group consists of a double bond to one of the oxygen and a single bond to the hydroxyl group. The important part of the carboxyl group is the hydrogen atom within the hydroxyl group. Round about neutral pH the carboxyl group is actually COO- instead of COOH. If the protein finds itself in a more acidic solution, the carboxyl group will be able to take on the extra hydrogen ions and return to COOH configuration. (2) The amino group is attached to the amino acid central carbon; C-NH2.the amino group is shown at the right hand side of the diagram of the amino acid above. Round about neutral pH the amino group is NH3+ rather than just NH2. It actually tends to carry an extra hydrogen ion at a normal pH. Then if a protein finds itself in a more basic environment, it amino group on its amino acids can actually release their hydrogen ions and return to NH2. Amino acids can accept or donate hydrogen ions making them excellent buffers. Any given proteins typically have hundreds of amino acids so proteins make superb buffers and they are found in high concentration in intracellular solutions. (2)protbuff.jpg (23396 bytes) The carbonic acid system In blood plasma, the carbonic acid and hydrogen carbonate ion equilibrium buffers the pH. In this buffer, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is the hydrogen ion donor (acid) and hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO3-) is the hydrogen ion acceptor (base). Carbonic acid plays an important role as a buffer in maintaining pH in blood plasma. H2CO3(aq) http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/arrowdbl.gifH+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) The buffer functions in the same way as the phosphate buffer. Additional H+ is consumed by HCO3- and an additional OH- is consumed by H2CO3-. If pH falls below normal value, a condition called acidosis is produced and if the pH rises above the normal value, a condition called alkalosis is produced. The concentrations of hydrogen carbonates ions and of carbonic acid are controlled by two independent physiological systems. Carbonic acid concentration is controlled by respiration that is through the lungs. Carbonic acid is in equilibrium with dissolved carbon dioxide gas. H2CO3(aq) http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/arrowdbl.gifCO2(aq) + H2O(l) An enzyme called carbonic anhydrase catalyses the conversion of carbonic acid to dissolved carbon dioxide. In the lungs, excess dissolved carbon dioxide is exhaled as carbon dioxide gas. CO2(aq) http://scifun.chem.wisc.edu/chemweek/arrowdbl.gifCO2(g) (4) The pH Buffer system The buffer systems guard against sudden shifts in acidity and alkalinity. The pH buffer systems are mixtures of the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own naturally taking place weak acids and weak bases. These weak acids and bases exist in balance under normal pH conditions. The pH buffer systems can work chemically to reduce fluctuations in the pH of a solution by regulating the amount of acid and base. The most important pH buffer system in the blood involves carbonic acid which is a weak acid formed from the carbon dioxide dissolved in blood and bicarbonate ions which is the corresponding weak base. Carbaminohaemoglobin is a compound of haemoglobin and carbon dioxide and it is one of the ways in which carbon dioxide can exist in the blood. 15-25% of the carbon dioxide is carried in the blood this way. When carbon dioxide binds to haemoglobin, Carbaminohaemoglobin is formed which will lower the haemoglobins affinity for oxygen via the Bohr Effect. When there is no oxygen, unbound haemoglobin molecules have a greater chance of becoming Carbaminohaemoglobin. The Haldane effect relates to the increased affinity of de-oxygenated haemoglobin for H+ offloading of oxygen to the tissues therefore results in increased affinity for the haemoglobin for carbon dioxide and H+ which the body wants to get rid of which can then be transported to the lung for removal. The veins which carry deoxygenated blood back to the right atrium of the heart appear bluish due to the distinctive blue colour of carbaminohaemoglobin. How acid-base balance is maintained including the role of the kidney and lungs as means of excreting excess acidic or basic ions The lungs and kidneys are two major systems that work on a continuous basis to help regulate acid-base balance in the body. In the biochemical reactions above, the process are all reversible and go back and forth as the bods needs change. The lungs can work very quickly and do their part by either retaining or getting rid of carbon dioxide by changing the rate and depth of respirations. The kidneys work much more slowly. They take hours and up to days to regulate the balance by either excreting or conserving hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Under normal conditions these two systems work together to maintain homeostasis. The amount of acidity or alkalinity blood possesses it important. When the level of acidic compounds in the body rises then the body acidity increases to through increased intake, production or decreased elimination. When the level of basic compounds in the body falls through decreased intake, production or increased elimination. The body uses different mechanisms to co ntrol the bloods acid base balance. Role of the lungs: the release of carbon dioxide from the lungs is a mechanism the body uses to control blood pH. Carbon dioxide is mildly acidic and it is a waste product of metabolism of oxygen. Waste products such as carbon dioxide get excreted into the blood. The blood transports carbon dioxide into the lungs where it is exhaled. As carbon dioxide mount up in the blood the pH of the blood decreases which means acidity increases. The brain controls the quantity of carbon dioxide that is exhaled by monitoring the speed and depth of breathing. The amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled increases the breathing to become faster and deeper. Bu adjusting the speed and depth of breathing the brain and lungs are able to regulate the blood pH minute by minute. (3) Role of Kidneys: the kidneys are also able to affect blood pH by excreting excess acids or bases. The kidneys have some capacity to change the amount of acid or base that is excreted but because the kidneys make these modifications more slowly than the lungs do, this compensation can take several days. (3)

Accounts Of The Holocaust Essay -- essays research papers fc

Accounts of the Holocaust The Holocaust was the systematic annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazi regime during the Second World War. I will tell the story of the Holocaust through many different personal accounts of people involved in many different sides of this incredible story. I will do this by using the personal accounts of surviving victims, of those not directly involved in the event, though affected by it, and the defense of the Nazi party. But first, I will tell you a little about the event. The Holocaust began in 1938 and lasted until 1945. This was most definitely the hardest seven years the Jewish population has ever faced. In 1933 approximately nine million Jews lived in the 21 European countries occupied by Germany during the war. The rise of the Nazi party’s anti-Semitism became noticeable in 1935 when laws were put forth limiting the rights of all German Jews. For the Jewish population the hardest time came with the introduction of the concentration camps. Jewish people were Cordova 2 stripped from their homes and hiding places by the German special police services such as the Special State Police (the Gestapo), the Storm Troopers (S.A.), and the Security Police (S.S.). The Jews were transported, in mass amounts, to different Concentration and Extermination Camps throughout Europe. Here they were forced into labor and exterminated when found to be useless to the Nazis. To explain the cause of the Holocaust we must first look at the situation through the eyes of the Nazi party. They truly believed that the Jewish population was the enemy and that annihilation was the only way to rebuild Germany. Dr. Joseph Gobells, the author of The Gobells Diaries, and a member of the Nazi party explained: The Jews have deserved the catastrophe that has now overtaken them. Their destruction will go hand in hand with the destruction of our enemies. We must hasten this process with cold ruthlessness. We shall thereby render an inestimable service to a humanity tormented for thousands of years by the Jews. This uncompromising anti-Semitic attitude must prevail among our own people despite all objectors. (www.virtual.co.il,1) Nazis felt that in order to build a perfect world all the impure Cordova 3 people, such as the Jews, must be exterminated. The Nazi party also expressed why all Jews, including women and children, were targeted. Heinr... ... dear G-d in a world gone mad and I have seen evil unleashed beyond reason or understanding. I was with them. We drank from the same bitter cup. I hid with them Feared with them, Struggled with them And when the killing was finally done I had survived while millions had died. I do not know why I have asked many questions for which there are no answers And I have even cursed my life thinking I could not endure the pain. But a flame inside refused to die. I could not throw away What had been ripped away from so many. In the end I had to choose life. I had to struggle to cross the bridge between the dead and the living. I had to rebuild what had been destroyed. I had to deny death Another victory. Bibliography www.about.com/holocaust www.members.home.net/captianhall/david_e.html#PreWarDaysOUR www.remember.org/malka.html 1 www.remember.org/witness/lipetz.htm 2 www.virtual.co.il/education/education/holocaust/quote/gobells.htm 1 www.virtual.co.il/education/education/holocaust/quote/himmler.htm 2 www.virtual.co.il/education/education/holocaust/quote/hitler.htm 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Hypertension Essay -- Health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Stroke

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases including stroke and may also have a role in the development of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia [1, 2]. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1; ACE) plays an important role in the rennin-angiotensin system and it is a carboxyl-terminal dipeptidyl exopeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II [3-6]. ACE converts an inactive form of decapeptide, angiotensin I, to a potent vasoconstrictor, octapeptide, angiotensin II, in addition; since the ACE is a multifunctional enzyme it also catalyzes the degradation of bradykinin, which is known as a vasodilator [4, 7]. Therefore, inhibition of ACE activity leads to decrease in the concentration of angiotensin II and increases the level of bradykinin; consequently reduce blood pressure [8]. The discovery of captopril as a potent inhibitor of ACE led to the recent development of many series of novel structures with similar biological activity [9]. To date a wide variety of ACE inhibitors from various land and marine food sources have been reported such as milk [10], cheese [11], egg white [12], canola [13], peanut [14], rapeseed [15], antler [16], fish muscle [17], seaweeds [18] and tuna [2]. Many academic, scientific, and regulatory organizations are considering ways to establish the scientific basis to support and further validate claims for functional components or the foods containing them. Consumer interest in the relationship between diet and health has increased the demand for information about functional foods. More recently, the food industry, the agricultural community, and now consumers have shown a growing interest in the field of... ...dependent on the conversion of yellow tetrazolium bromide to its purple formazan derivative by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells [34]. In conclusion, E. cava is a very interesting resource, due to the presence of unique phlorotannin derivatives with special bioactivities including ACE inhibitory activity. Ethanol enhances the extraction of phlorotannins specially dieckol from the brown seaweed E. cava. By contrast, in this study phloroglucinol derivative dieckol exhibited the strongest activity against ACE. With the results of this study we can suggest that the brown seaweed E. cava could be used in development of promising and potential functional food products. Moreover, it is expected that these findings will contribute to developing interests in basic research and potential applications of the phlorotannins in the relevant fields.

Blueprint Professional & Personal Growth Part II Essay

This paper is my analytic theorem to my Blueprint of Professional and Personal Growth from the course â€Å"Dynamic Leadership†. It gives a brief breakdown of my path to achieving my MBA. An executive summary is presented to show how the course educated me in a more systematic way and how it helped me identify my qualities as a leader and my values. Furthermore, in detail is three (3) goals I plan to achieve in my personal and professional development. Executive Summary Throughout this course, Dynamic Leadership has educated me and enlightened me in three aspects – being a leader, a follower and recognizing your personal values. Both leader and follower have a similar notion but with different service to offer – one portrays his dream and plans his mission and the other help to achieve this goal. Each of them have values, principles and ethics they live by whether in their work paradigm or at home. As this course engulfed me with so many different stages, I was able to identify different qualities of leaders and followers, what are their competencies, their different leadership styles and other leadership theories, how followers contribute to achieving the set goals, their weakness and strengths, their passion and purpose, the right timing to a right decision making, how values, principles, ethics and goals intertwine with ones personal and professional lives – individually and eventually to where it clarified profoundly, my Blueprint for Professional & Personal Growth. In general to be precis, Dynamic leadership shown me how to distinguish my leadership style(coercive, authoritative, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching styles) and projected theories to help me improve my direction as a leader in my organization. I was able to extricate my weaknesses and transform them into strengths. Not only I was able to listen more to my followers – opinions and advices, I was also guiding and sharing my experiences with them, involving them into my goals and boost their motivation. I was authoritative and afraid as I couldn’t trust my staff to delegate and take initiative. But this course has given me insight to better understand how effeicient and effective a leader should be and given the ability to self-manage. I learnt that to be adaptable in leading todays world of business requires strategic sense of personality infliction – meaning flexibility in switching leadership styles with your staff in order to maintain balance and result into productive work and innovation. Likewise, I was able to understand the different competency in followership and how to guide my followers inorder to be effective in their job. Through the interesting stories of successful leaders, my passion did find its purpose by instilling creative ideas, how to lead a diversity of different nationals, globalization, the power of technology merged with business (e-business), adapt to change and have a sight for long term goals. I realized how confusing my goals were, until I took the Personal Value Survey, it enlightened me in details and more clarification how to set my goals smartly, calculating time, recognizing my milestones and how to achieve them. Fascinated by the discussions of different points of views from my peers, made me relish the successful results I gained. Not forgetting few resonating statement, an interview with Kimberly Carter, â€Å"How would I know wether I could be successful at my venture if I didn’t try†¦. A sense of responsibility to encourage others by helping them recognize that they cannot grow unless they realize they don’t fit in any predefined box†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Her story made me put out my capabilities without fear, voicing out what I believe is right or wrong, allowing me to take risks and be prepared for any challenges and moreover to recognize the efforts of those contributing to achieve the goals by understanding them and allowing for innovation by giving them the initiative. Furthermore, Deb Henretta’s interview also displayed so many reflections in the way she runs her business as I have a little similarity managing and leading mine. Some important factors that she tackled in correspondence to other articles that I have read in the book of â€Å"Passion and Purpose† which have connections in how I run and manage my organiztaion. Such as the importance of your personnel satisfaction that will result into better use and expansion of their abilities in which it is also stated in an article by Dominic Barton (Coleman et. al, 2012g), the importance of working with the team of diverse individuality â€Å"Embracing the Global Generation† (Coleman et. al, 2012) and also recognizing the distinctiveness of every staff regardless of their gender, sex or race â€Å"Nonconforming Culture† by Kimberly Carter(Carter,2012). In conclusion, by recognizing my values, principles and goals, I was able to have a picture of how long I can achieve my set objectives and more precisely how I go about in attaining it. With my MBA, I believe not only I can change certain things but also develop it into a higher success for a longer term effects. The shared practices within the forum, helped me to be more analytical and logic. Reading from my peers their diverse experience and goals, not only powered me to achieve more, open other types of companies, listen more, better creative ideas, but most importantly they give me the â€Å"determination† in achieving them without fear and be prepared to face predicted chalalnges. Below is three (3) goals I am driven to achieve within the time frame of 5 years and even more, given that one of my goals is to instill for a longer term. Blueprint for Professional & Personal Growth Part II Action Plans During the shared practices and articles read during week 6 & 7, I was able grasp the significance in the ability to draw out the values, principles and goals wether you are a leader, a follower or an individual. I was able to draw out many short and long term goals and have them prioritized. From the action plan that I have set, I am actually thinking of acquiring another MBA in Marketing. My mother said to me once that she has always seen the lady of substance in me. Through this clarification of my personal values I plan to be more than what she portrays me to be and someday be a renowned strong wealthy business woman – like those popular strong business men in Forbes magazine. My definition of wealthy is not by any fical monetary terms but by the power of accruing knowledge and wisdom.

Assiya Dair Assignment

When lead ever nurture a well be askd quality rest? This is a representative day in the life history Of a savant athlete, faced with several struggles during his or her term in college. The university exploits school-age child athletes, because it achieves a great numerate of tax on schoolchilds athletes, restricts them to earn their testify specie and pitchs their wellness at risk. First reason wherefore more universities exploit their scholarly person athletes is because considering situation that they make a substantial lettuce on them. College athletics is a vast business across the United States in many universities, the nigh profit fitted macrocosm footb completely game, hockey, and basketb either.They make a great amount of money for universities by selling tickets for their games and online put out streaming. In the article Point/ contrast Paying college athletes, Dennis A. Johnson says that The arrive ticket grosss for football and mens basketball were $757 billion in 1 999, total value that exceeded the total ticket sales for all of paid baseball game, football, and hockey that year. Star athletes, who win prizes for their long trainings, dont make any money for their effort, in spite of the fact that they ar the ones earning the money.In fact, the mount of r unconstipatedue that many athletes make for their respective schools is to a greater extent than what their scholarships pay for. So who is beginting all of this money? Surprisingly, the coaches at the universities get the most of revenue. For example, the highest employee at the Northwestern University, coach regorge Fitzgerald, earned more than $2. 2 million in one year (Linda S contri just nowes). harmonize to statistics, anesthesiologists, who considered as a best-paid job in US earn just now $232,830, which is 10 times less than coaches. At the precise(prenominal) time, disciple athletes who are the main resources for his revenue do non gain anything.O ne capability argue that college lenders receive full rides, with education and room and board paid for, along with advantages, including tutoring and better food and accommodations at many schools (Linda S views). However, from a personal side a s a schoolchild athlete, I realize that it is not as princely as it may seem. We, student athletes, exhaust to piss twice as rocky as a normal student in order to balance academics, acts, and coiffure well in our sport. I withstand very little amount of deliver time between morning practices, day by day classes, afternoon rousts and hours of self-studying. Eave to squeeze time for quiescence and relaxing in order to run at the aim demanded of me as a student athlete. Moreover, I also have limited amount of free time during weekends, because I need to play tournaments and do my homework. Another reason why I think that universities are exploiting student athletes is that athletes are prohibited from making their own money a s far as work study jobs on or collide with campus. According to the NCAA regulation, student athletes are veto from trading their likenesses or names. They tush teach at a sports amp, notwithstanding derrieret use their likeness to advertise or promote the camp.They can start their own business, but cannot sell their own material body (autographed photos, for instance) or even use their own name to promote it (Andrew Cline). Thus, athletes are not only indebted to the university because of their financial aid, but become subservient to the university because of the NCAA regulations. At the akin time, Nan-student athletes are enjoying their college life. People have only one chance to experience college. Unfortunately, student athletes are deprived of feeling all its beauty. Universities exploit student athletes in a way that requires too much without openhanded anything in return.The students are anticipate to practice and play at a headmaster direct while the universit y rewards them as if they were amateurs. For instance, college level of coaching is still not strong as it should be. According to the USA straightaway Basically, poorly performing teams might get a brief improvement when changing coaches, but the change doesnt last spoiled teams remain bad. And average teams, those that hover roughly six wins every season, actually get worse after making a coaching change. (Paul Merger). From my personal experience, before coming to college, I expected a very high level of coaching and practices.However, at a time I have started to practice with my untested team, I realized that workouts are easier match to how I used to practice before. At the same time, college requires student athletes to show not bad(predicate) results. People might claim that since student athletes have all necessary facilities to perform and succeed, they can work by themselves. This record is true, but from my own experience, realized that in order to compete at a higher bevel, I need psyche to instruct and coach me. Coach can motivate and push people to have better results, which you have never been expected from yourself.Finally, the most crucial reason is that student athletes put their health in risk, which cannot even be compared at the same level with the scholarship. According to Brian Frederick, Board Member of Sports Fans compaction and an adjunct professor at Georgetown Universitys Sports effort Management Program How can a free education compensate them for debilitate injuries caused during their time on campus? And how can we as fans truly enjoy a case game knowing that one players career-ending wound will leave him saddled with slide fastener more than a lifetime of offend and doctors bills? Thus, student athletes are insecure since they never know when they Will get injure from matches. Once they are injured, university doesnt need them anymore and they are eventually ended in oblivious. Since student athletes dedica te their whole life for sports, they are ignorant of knowledge in other areas. Nearly all who play big sports such as basketball, hockey, baseball and football will experience fatigue and tear on their bodies that they may not have anticipated groin strains, concussion-related brilliance injuries, pulled muscles, back pains, crushed bones, worn-out knees, elbows and shoulders.Honestly, student athletes are at same localisation as professionals in the sense that they have to manage their studies as well as their commitments to their sport. Furthermore, student athletes are fully leechlike on the university. They are not able to sign any contacts, talk to agents and make money. Every time they go to game, they put their life on risk. In fact, student athletes are completely oppressed by university. Works Cited and Achieve. How colleges exploit athletes, New York Post. Web.

Oracle of Truth

Claim While delivering the spring spoken communication at Yale University in 2000, visionary chief operating rack upicer Larry Ellison said Graduates of Yale University, I absolve if you invite endured this type of prologue before, nevertheless I command you to do something for me. Please, take a straightforward look around you. Look at the classmate on your left. Look at the classmate on your right. Now, consider this tailfin years from now, 10 years from now, til now 30 years from now, odds atomic number 18 the soul on your left is bureau out to be a loser. The person on your right, meanwhile, exit also be a loser. And you, in the middle?What empennage you depend? bankruptcy. Loserhood. Loser Cum Laude. Status False. Origins In July 2000, an inventive story about Oracle CEO Larry Ellison bestowing an unusual commencement linguistic process upon the graduating class of Yale University began popping up in various inboxes. Some were left inquire if this could b e the real thing, pass alongn what is cognize of Ellisons famed ego, and because the wide circulation of the 1997 Kurt Vonnegut commencement vocabulary hoax had prep bed the way for this routine to sound plausible. In truth, Ellison did non break out a much(prenominal) a saving at Yale, nor anywhere else.The article was the grotesque creation of Andrew Marlatt, a writer for the irony website, SatireWire. It was reprinted (with SatireWires express permission) on BBspot, some other sarcastic web site. The full text of the rig ELLISON TO GRADS DIPLOMAS ARE FOR LOSERS Oracle CEO Urges Students to preen out, Start up NEW HAVEN, CONN. (SatireWire. com) In one of the more controversial commencement addresses in memory, Oracle CEO and college flipout Larry Ellison told Yales assort of 2000 they were losers whose hard-won diplomas would never propel them into the ranks of the super rich.The evange nominateic Ellison, noting that college honkouts flier Gates, Paul tout ens embleen, and Michael Dell were, identical himself, on Forbes recent top 10 list of billionaires, urged freshmen and sophomores at the ceremony to drop out and start up, and added that the undereducated Yale gage guards who ushered him finish up demonstrate probably had a better shot at uber-wealth than graduating seniors. What follows is a transcript of the speech delivered by Ellison at the Yale University lastly month Graduates of Yale University, I apologize if you meet endured this type of prologue before, but I want you to do something for me.Please, take a ood look around you. snopes. com Larry Ellison Loser startle deliverance http//www. snopes. com/quotes/ellison. asp? print=y ? 1 3? 2012/9/21 1041 Look at the classmate on your left. Look at the classmate on your right. Now, consider this five years from now, 10 years from now, even 30 years from now, odds are the person on your left is going to be a loser. The person on your right, meanwhile, volition also be a lo ser. And you, in the middle? What can you expect? Loser. Loserhood. Loser Cum Laude. In fact, as I look out before me today, I dont see a k try fors for a bright tomorrow.I dont see a thousand future leaders in a thousand industries. I see a thousand losers. Youre upset. Thats understandable. After all, how can I, Lawrence Larry Ellison, college dropout, shake the audacity to spout such heresy to the graduating class of one of the nations around esteemed institutions? Ill tell you why. Because I, Lawrence Larry Ellison, second richest man on the planet, am a college dropout, and you are not. Because Bill Gates, richest man on the planet for now, in any case is a college dropout, and you are not. Because Paul Allen, the deuce-ace richest man on the planet, dropped out of college, and you did not. And for exhaustively measure, because Michael Dell, No. 9 on the list and moving up fast, is a college dropout, and you, besides again, are not. Hmm . . . youre very upset. Thats understandable. So allow me stroke your egos for a moment by pointing out, quite sincerely, that your diplomas were not attained in vain. Most of you, I imagine, perk up played out four to five years here, and in legion(predicate) ways what youve learned and endured bequeath serve you well in the years ahead. Youve conventional undecomposed work habits. Youve established a ne twork of people that give help you deplete the road. And youve established what exiting be lifelong relationships with the word therapy. All that of is good. For in truth, you will need that network. You will need those strong work habits. You will need that therapy. You will need them because you didnt drop out, and so you will never be among the richest people in the world. Oh sure, you may, perhaps, work your way up to No. 10 or No. 11, like Steve Ballmer. But then, I dont have to tell you who he unfeignedly works for, do I? And for the record, he dropped out of grad school. Bit of a late bloomer. Finally, I realize that many of you, and hopefully by now most of you, are wondering, Is there anything I can do?Is there any hope for me at all? Actually, no. Its in any case late. Youve absorbed too much, think you populate too much. Youre not 19 anymore. You have a built-in cap, and Im not referring to the howitzer boards on your heads. Hmm youre really very upset. Thats understandable. So perhaps this would be a good time to bring up the fluid lining. Not for you, Class of 00. You are a write-off, so Ill let you slink off to your pathetic $200,000-a-year jobs, where your checks will be sign by former classmates who dropped out two years ago. Instead, I want to give hope to any underclassmen here today.I adduce to you, and I cant stress this enough leave. exact your things and your ideas and dont come back. Drop out. Start up. For I can tell you that a cap and gown will keep you down just as surely as these security guards dragging me off this stage are keeping me down . . . The last line of the piece should have disposed away the joke, if nothing else did. Larry Ellison being dragged off a stage is a acceptable mental image to contemplate and provides snopes. com Larry Ellison Loser Commencement Speech http//www. snopes. com/quotes/ellison. asp? print=y ? 2 ? 2012/9/21 1041 a wonderful terminal for a piece that would otherwise be difficult to orchestrate an ending for, but thats all it ever could be, even if Ellison had address the Yale Class of 2000 and had given that speech. (Which, by the way, he hadnt). Venerable institutions of higher learning have at times chosen quinine water loud vocalizers theyve later had cause to regret. The price of bend the podium over to another is having to heed civilly to the entirety of his address, even if it is offensive. Audiences are nonoperational expected to clap at its culmination, and hoever introduced the speaker is still on the hook for thanking him for his insights. Such are the demands of a p olite society, with security guards standing poised to buy food invited guests who give voice to unpopular sentiments not figuring anywhere into the equation. Should there still be any remnant of mistrust about the veracity of the article in question, Yale didnt have a guest speaker at its 299th graduation ceremony, held in whitethorn 2000. Yale seniors received a more in-person address on Class Day, another part of this two-day commencement ceremony.The keynote speaker for that event was Bob Woodward, who graduated from Yale in 1965. (His investigation of the Watergate break-in helped win a Pulitzer Prize for The Washington Post in 1973. ) Larry Ellison is a prime choice for such lampooning because this thrice-married, thricedivorced multimillionaire is known for living larger than life. A 1997 unofficial biography was titled The variation Between God and Larry Ellison God Doesnt stand for He is Larry Ellison. Barbara leisure unsuited larry Mikkelson excess Information SatireW ire BBSpot Last updated